Roth IRA Calculator Formula & How It Works
- 2025 contribution limit: $7,000 ($8,000 if age 50+)
- Income limits: phases out $150,000–$165,000 (single), $236,000–$246,000 (married)
- Qualified withdrawals: completely tax-free after age 59½
- Contributions (not earnings) can be withdrawn tax-free anytime
A Roth IRA is funded with after-tax money, but all growth and qualified withdrawals are completely tax-free. This makes it extremely valuable if you expect to be in a higher tax bracket in retirement, or if you want tax diversification. Unlike traditional IRA, there are no required minimum distributions (RMDs) during your lifetime.