Rental Property Calculator Formula & How It Works
- Gross Rent = Total monthly rental income
- Vacancy = Gross Rent × vacancy rate (typically 5–10%)
- Operating Expenses = repairs + insurance + property tax + management
- Annual Cash Flow = Monthly Cash Flow × 12
Positive cash flow means the property generates income above all expenses including the mortgage. Annual cash flow divided by total cash invested gives cash-on-cash return. Include appreciation for total return on investment.