Real Estate Calculator Formula & How It Works
- NOI = Gross Rental Income − Operating Expenses (excl. mortgage)
- Cash Flow = NOI − Mortgage Payments
- Cash Invested = Down Payment + Closing Costs + Repairs
- GRM = Property Price ÷ Annual Gross Rent
Cap rate measures property yield independent of financing. Cash-on-cash return measures your actual return on invested cash (including mortgage). A cap rate of 5–8% is typical for residential properties; cash-on-cash of 8–12% is considered strong.