Estate Tax Calculator Formula & How It Works
- 2025 federal exemption: $13.99 million per individual ($27.98M per couple)
- Tax rate: 40% on the taxable estate above exemption
- Unlimited marital deduction: no estate tax between spouses
- Portability: unused exemption can transfer to surviving spouse
Federal estate tax applies to estates exceeding the lifetime exemption ($13.99M in 2025, set to drop to ~$7M after 2025 under TCJA sunset). Taxable estate = gross estate minus deductions (debts, charitable bequests, marital deduction). Planning strategies: irrevocable trusts, charitable giving, annual gift exclusion ($19,000/person in 2025).